Current Issue : January-March Volume : 2025 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Drug dispensing in retail pharmacies typically involves several manual tasks that often lead to inefficiencies and errors. This is the first published quality improvement study in Latin America, specifically in Brazil, investigating the operational impacts of implementing a robotic dispensing system in a retail pharmacy. Through observational techniques, we measured the time required for the following pharmacy workflows before and after implementing the robotic dispensing system: customer service, receiving stock, stocking inventory, separation, invoicing, and packaging of online orders for delivery. Time savings were observed across all workflows within the pharmacy, notably in receiving stock and online order separation, which experienced 70% and 75% reductions in total time, respectively. Furthermore, customer service, stocking, invoicing, and packaging of online orders, also saw total time reductions from 36% to 53% after implementation of the robotic dispensing system. This study demonstrates an improvement in the pharmacy’s operational efficiency postimplementation of the robotic dispensing system. These findings highlight the potential for such automated systems to streamline pharmacy operations, improve staff time efficiency, and enhance service delivery....
Background: Appropriate use of antimicrobials is essential to enhance therapeutic safety and efficacy. Clinical pharmacists play a crucial role in optimizing antimicrobial use; however, the contribution of pharmacy interns in antimicrobial use has not been studied. The objective of this study was to ascertain the quantity and nature of interventions related to antimicrobials documented by pharmacy interns, along with the rates at which physicians accepted these interventions. Methods: From August 2017 to March 2022, this study retrospectively evaluated antimicrobial-related interventions recorded by pharmacy interns during their rotations at King Khalid University. The categories of interventions included medication selection, addition of antimicrobials, dose or frequency adjustments, medication discontinuation, de-escalation, therapeutic drug monitoring, and others. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify patterns and correlations. Results: This study evaluated 1295 antimicrobial-related interventions, with high physician acceptance rates of 91.6% and 4.0% accepted with modifications. The most frequent interventions were dose/frequency adjustments (36.3%) and medication discontinuation (23%). Vancomycin, colistin, and meropenem were the most frequently intervened antimicrobials. Documented clinical outcomes included enhancing treatment efficacy (37.3%), reducing treatment toxicity (26.81%), and avoiding unnecessary antimicrobial exposure (21.8%). Significant correlations were observed between hospital units and intervention types, indicating unit-specific intervention patterns. Conclusions: Theses findings highlight the vital role of pharmacy interns in optimizing antimicrobial therapy. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term clinical and economic benefits of their involvement....
Off-label practice in pediatrics requires relentless engagement from all the health professionals involved. Community pharmacists are the last ones in the prescribing–dispensing chain; therefore, they have the key responsibility of verifying the correctness of a treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the awareness and views of Romanian community pharmacists, regarding off-label drugs in the pediatric population, through a 28-item questionnaire comprising five sections of different topics (general knowledge, frequency of prescribing and dispensing off-label medication, views, and attitudes). The sample size was 236 questionnaires with a response rate of 41.11%. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed with GraphPad Prism v.9. The results indicate that 55.1% of the community pharmacists have a good general knowledge and awareness regarding the off-label practice, although the legal frame is unclear. The responses highlight a high frequency of prescribing and request of medication for respiratory conditions (45.3%) and antibiotics (23.5%), with a concerning gap regarding the adverse events related to the off-label treatments (56.7%). A very small percentage of pharmacists (7.1%) contact a fellow healthcare professional when encountering an off-label prescription. In conclusion, in addition to the pharmacist’s conduct towards the best interest of the patient, there is a clear need to improve the doctor–pharmacist collaboration in order to make an off-label treatment successful....
Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential tool for healthcare professionals to remain up-to-date with the latest advancements in their field. In Saudi Arabia, pharmacists are officially registered healthcare professionals by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS). To uphold their licensure, they must complete 40 h of CPD every two years. This qualitative study aimed to explore hospital pharmacists’ perceptions, barriers, and challenges of CPD, as well as their recommendations for improving CPD activities. A qualitative descriptive approach with semi-structured face-to-face interviews was employed. Using purposive sampling, 12 hospital pharmacists were interviewed. The recorded data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Pharmacists generally showed positive perceptions of CPD, recognizing its importance for their professional development and the provision of high-quality patient care. However, some pharmacists expressed dissatisfaction with the current system. Several barriers to participation such as heavy workloads, lack of time, and limited financial support were highlighted. The primary motivations for engaging in CPD included fulfilling regulatory requirements. Workshops were the most beneficial CPD activities among others. Additionally, importance of more specialized, practice-oriented programs was highlighted. The study provides valuable insights into the needs and challenges faced by hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia regarding CPD. The insights gained can inform theory, policy, and practice relating to pharmacists’ CPD at both professional and governmental levels....
Pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraception (HC) is supported by a majority of pharmacists and pharmacy students; however, few studies have evaluated perceptions of non-community pharmacists, or differences in geographic areas. The primary objective of this study is to assess differences between community and non-community pharmacists in perceptions of pharmacist-prescribing HC in Georgia, a state that does not currently permit this practice. Secondary objectives include assessment of community pharmacist interest in prescribing HC, and differences in perceptions between pharmacists in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. A survey was emailed in early 2022 to 2592 Georgia pharmacists, with Likert questions assessing interest, perceptions, comfort, and perceived barriers regarding pharmacist-prescribed HC. Chi square testing identified differences between groups. The completed survey response rate was 11.8%. Regardless of practice site, a majority agreed that pharmacists are well trained to prescribe HC (community 61.8% vs. non-community 68.1%, p = 0.25) and provision of HC services is within pharmacists’ scope (community 73.6% vs. non-community 74.2%, p = 0.90). Overall, metropolitan and nonmetropolitan community pharmacist perceptions were similar; however, more metropolitan pharmacists believed pharmacists are well trained to prescribe HC (66.7% vs. 48.7%, p = 0.049) and that it is within their scope of practice (78.1% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.045). In summary, the majority of pharmacists, regardless of practice type, believe that pharmacists are prepared to prescribe HC and that it is a part of pharmacists’ professional scope of practice....
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